2023年大學聯考英語閲讀答題技巧「四選一」
大學聯考英語閲讀理解常見的題目形式是四選一，顧名思義，就是從四個備選答案中選出符合題目要求的答案。為了幫助大家備考，小編整理了一些答題技巧，希望能幫到大家!
1、細節題解題技巧
細節題，顧名思義，就是指針對文章的某個細節而設置的試題。細節題的命題方法很多，如可能是對某個細節用同義結構轉換後進行考查、也可能是將文章中的幾個細節(通常是四個)放在一起要求考生判斷是非(選出正確的一項或選出錯誤的一項)或對幾個細節進行排序等。解答這類試題時，一個常用的方法就是運用定位法，即根據題幹或選項中的線索詞從原文中找到相關的句子，與選項進行比較從而確定答案(此時要特別注意一些常見的同義轉換)。
現在圍繞上述的定位理論，引申出幾個小的技巧：
(1) 關鍵信息定位法。這個主要是細節題，如涉及到數字(日期、時間、價格等)，就可以在文章中快速圈出數字，再找出目標數字及相對應的細節作息，還有人物姓名、地點名詞等等，其他的還包括一些提示情節發展，或條綱性關鍵字眼，如First， Next， Finally等等。
As a young girl growing up in the 1930s， I always wanted to fly a plane， but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream in 2011，when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. (2011年大學聯考英語北京A篇)
What happened to the author in 2011?
A. She flew an airplane
B. She entered a competition
C. She went on a hot air balloon ride
D. She moved into a retirement community
解析：此題屬典型細節題，通過題幹中的時間in 2011不難定位到文中粗體字部分，很容易可以鎖定正解為C。
(2) 同義定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同義定位就是指問題所用的關鍵詞和文中的不一致，但屬於同義性質，同義轉換其實是在關鍵間的基礎上拐了個彎。
He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones. He wants someone to get excited about what he's doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down and inside out， exploring the best ways to report it. He wants to be more valuable for your paper. (2010年大學聯考英語北京B篇)
What does the reporter want most from his editors in their talks?
A. Finding the news value of his stories.
B. Giving him financial support.
C. Helping him to find issues.
D. Improving his good ideas.
解析：此題屬細節題，定位方式為同義定位法。題幹中的talks和文章中conversations對應，而want most和longs for對應，這樣不難得出答案為D。
小結：在閲讀中，精準快速的定位加上正確的理解力才能保證做題的量與質。定位法是需要在做題的過程中有意識的培養的，做題的技巧也是可以總結的，關鍵是要自覺培養這種分析歸納和總結的意識以及能力。
2、推理題解題技巧
推斷題定義：在理解原文字面意思的基礎上，通過對語篇邏輯關係的分析和細節的暗示，做出一定的判斷和推理，從而得到文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過程。
出現特徵：在考題中經常出現的詞有infer， imply， indicate， conclude， learn from， probably， most likely， prove /according to等。
She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall. No way could I have sent her away. No way， not me anyway. Maybe someone had kicked her out of their car the night before. “We're moving house.'; “No space for her any more with the baby coming.” “We never really wanted her， but what could we have done? She was a present.” People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
How did the author feel about Goldie when Goldie came to the house? (2010年大學聯考英語北京A篇)
A. Shocked. B. Sympathetic. C. Annoyed. D. Upset.
解析：由題目得知：是考察作者的態度題。首先定位到文章作者的話語和行為，即
(1) No way could I have sent her away. No way， not me anyway.
(2) We never really wanted her， but what could we have done? She was a present.“
(3) People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
可知作者對它是正的情感，排除C，D.再由作者對它的不捨，答案選B
3、主旨大意題解題技巧
Topic/Title型-使用逆推法
(1) 要在閲讀原文基礎上，仔細考慮選項是否與文章主題有密切聯繫
(2) 再看選項對文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何
(3) 要注意題目是否過大或者過小
(4) 要避免下列三種錯誤
概括不夠(多表現為部分代整體，導致範圍過小)
過度概括(多表現為擴大範圍)
以事實、細節代替抽象概括的大意。
Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert (警報) system using text messages delivered to cell phones.
Text messages have been popular in recent years， particularly among young people. The wireless industry's trade association， CTIA， estimates(估計) more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.
The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act， a 2006 federal law that requires improvements to the nation's emergency alert system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.
“The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before， and during， disasters and other emergencies，” FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said， following approval of the plan.
Participation in the alert system by carriers -telecommunications companies is voluntary， but it has received support from the wireless industry.
The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.
There would be three different types of messages， according to the rules.
The first would be a national alert from the president， likely involving a natural disaster. The second would involve “approaching threats”， which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be for child abduction (綁架) emergencies， or so-called Amber Alerts.
The service could be in place by 2010.( 2008年大學聯考英語山東卷B篇)
66. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Cell Phone Alerts Protecting Students
B. Cell Phone Alerts by Wireless Industry
C. Cell Phone Alerts of National Disasters
D. Cell Phone Alerts Coming Soon
解析：D。主旨大意題。第一段開門見山，提出將創建一個全國性的短信警報系統;最後一段重申主題，對這種新系統的未來進行展望。因此最準確的標題是D。A項錯在protecting students;B項錯在by wireless industry;C項錯在National Disasters。
4、詞義句意題解題技巧
要求考生通過閲讀上下文，結合中學生應有的賞識來推測尚不熟悉的詞或者詞組的意思。出現特徵：劃線或者引號
解題方法之一：根據上下文，往往是本句中的同位關係進行猜測。
Weeks later， standing before this unfriendly mass， I was totally lost. Oh well， I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk， burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report， it all became clear， “My report is on George Washington， the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?
62. The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _______.(2012年北京，B篇，62，答案D)
A. annoyed B. ashamed C. ready D. eager
解析：從burning這個詞來説，意為“發熱的，強烈的，燃燒的”，後面緊跟動詞詞組“find out”説明在尋找時刻的心情是很緊張和急迫的，最後是一個賓語從句，是我曾經做錯過什麼，那麼這個題目顯然就是選擇和“渴望的，熱切的”詞義，顯然為D選項。
5、結構順序題解題技巧
常見提問方式：
How is the passage organized?
Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
The author develops the passage mainly by….
解題思路：
(1) 注意主題段。主題段通常在文章的開頭，簡要概括文章的中心思想，
(2) 找出或者總結每段的主題句。主題句可能在段落的開頭，也可能出現在段落的中間或末尾。如何確定主題句的方法見主旨題之main idea型。
(3) 最後根據每段主題確定段與段之間的結構關係，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫，邏輯嚴密。為突出主題，作者可能採用不同的寫作手法來組織文章，通過舉例、比較、類比等手法來透徹闡明主題觀點。
The Diet Zone： A Dangerous Place
Diet Coke， diet Pepsi， diet pills， no-fat diet， vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically(身體上).
Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level， we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight， but in controlling the consumption of fatty， high-calorie， unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale(秤)instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.
On another level， diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink， we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don't have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain， and that life can be without resistance and struggle.
The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us， but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(營養成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calories only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional， and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.
Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us， it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds， not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this， we will be much better able to resist diet products， and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them. (2008大學聯考英語北京卷E篇)
75. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
題目
解析：文章第一段點明節食產品在誤導人們;第二段説明節食產品對人們心理上的影響;第三段説明節食產品誤導人們認為不費勁就可以減肥，即對人們身體上的危害;第四段説明節食產品的危害;第五段説明人們應該慎重對待節食產品，故從文章結構上看應該是B項正確。
大學聯考英語閲讀題的解題思路
1.正確審題是答題基礎
審題正確保證所獲取的信息正確,為正確答題提供保障;相反,如果審題錯誤,就會導致獲取的信息錯誤,最後引起答題錯誤,因此第一步就要正確審題。正確的審題包括兩個方面的要求:一是對問題的內容正確理解，二是對問題的要求準確把握。只有這樣,把問題弄明白了,才能保證答題的方向正確。
2.查找相關信息是答題的關鍵
信息是答題的根據、答題的根本。如果找不出信息,也就無法答題。因此查找相關信息是正確答題的關鍵。然而一篇三百字左右的文章所包含的信息很多,考生不能胡亂找出一二句話作為答題的信息,而必須根據第一步對問題內容的理解,找出與問題內容相關的句子。從而使答案有據可查、有本可依,保證答案內容正確。
3.正確表達是答題的目的
正確表達是答題的歸宿、是答題的目的。如果表達不正確,輕則影響得分,重則前功盡棄。因此,在找出了與問題相關的信息後,就必須結合問題的要求,對信息進行加工、整合、處理,保證答案的形式正確,從而使答案正確無誤。
高中英語的閲讀題的答題技巧
1.先題後文,有的放矢
考生在答題之前,先瀏覽一下問題,弄清問題的內容和要求。然後帶着問題去閲讀文章,從而避免了文章中無關信息的干擾,使閲讀有意識、有目的地進行。
2.快速閲讀,找出信息
閲讀文章時,對於與問題無關的信息一掃而過,特別是對與問題無關的生詞,當放下的就必須放下,切不可糾纏不清,耽誤時間;而對於與問題相關的信息在閲讀時就一邊用筆將其圈劃出來。
待到把文章閲讀完以後,只要對這些信息進行處理即可。
3.研究信息,正確作答
通過對文章的閲讀,找出了與問題相關的信息,那麼就要回過頭來,根據問題的要求對信息進行加工、處理。
4.對照檢查,確保無誤
對問題進行作答後,若時間允許的話,應該將問題、相關信息及所作答案進行對照,檢查意思是否準確一致、表達方式是否得當、單詞拼寫是否正確。這樣確保答案無誤,從而奪得本試題的高分。
高中英語完形填空的做題方法
第一步：跳過空格，通讀全文，把握大意。第一遍讀文章時不要做題，而是跳過空格，通讀試題所給的要填空的短文，獲得整體印象，做到弄清文脈、抓住主旨，較好地把握短文大意。平時自己做題時，如果讀一遍讀不懂，那就讀兩遍，讀兩遍還是讀不懂，那就再讀一遍。一定要記住“讀不懂文章不要做題”，因為沒有理解文章做了也是白做，既浪費時間又浪費精力，還自欺欺人，危害不小。總之，一定要在理解短文意思的基礎上才能開始做題。
另外，讀第一遍時要注意先讀懂文章的首句和末句，因為這兩句往往是沒有被挖空的句子。它們往往是全文的關鍵句，是文章的“窗口”和“指南”，可作為解題的突破口。通過讀文章的首句一般可判斷文章的體裁、人物、時間、事件和事態等。文章的最後一句或最後一段，往往是故事發展的結果，所陳述的事件的結論、啟示性的提示，或是對全篇文章的概括。因此，先讀一讀末句對理解文章是很有幫助的。
第二步：結合選項，綜合考慮，初選答案。在理解全文意思的基礎上，結合所給備選項再次細讀全文。聯繫上、下文內容。注意從上、下文的語法結構和詞語搭配及從選擇項中尋找解題的提示。以詞、句的意義為先，再從分析句子結構人手，根據短文意思、語法規則、詞語固定搭配等進行綜合考慮，對備選項逐一進行分析、比較和篩選，排除干擾項，初步選定答案。有把握的先做，沒有把握的“跳過”。
第三步：先易後難，瞻前顧後，各個擊破。對比較明顯、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能確定答案的，先跳過這一空格，繼續往下做，最後回過頭來再集中精力解決難點。這時可結合已確定答案的選項再讀一遍短文，隨着對短文理解的深入，自然就會降低試題的難度，提高選擇的正確率。
值得一提的是，近年來的大學聯考完形填空，已很少有純粹的語法題材。完形填空主要考查考生根據不完整的上下文，推斷出文段發展走向的邏輯思維能力，其考查的重點不是語法和詞法的知識。任何一篇文章的句子結構和內容上不會孤立存在，句子與句子之間是有很強的邏輯關係的。因此，必須藉助上下文的一些暗示才能正確解題。
第四步：復讀全文，逐空驗證，彌補疏漏。做完所有的空格後，把所選的答案補入空格中，把文章通讀一遍，逐空認真複查，看所選定的答案是否使短文意思前後連貫、順理成章，語法結構是否正確，是否符合習慣表達法，發現誤選的答案或有疑問的、不清楚的答案，再次推敲，作出修正。
