考研英語作文的原則有哪些

作文向來是語言類考試的難點，不管中文還是英文都一樣，我們需要找到它的原則。小編為大家精心準備了考研英語作文的原則指南，歡迎大家前來閲讀。

一、長短句原則

工作還得一張一馳呢，老讓讀者讀長句，累死人!寫一個短小精闢的句子，相反，卻可以起到畫龍點睛的作用。而且如果我們把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主題：

As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in awayquite similar.

如此可見，長短句結合，抑揚頓挫，豈不爽哉?牢記!

強烈建議：在文章第一段(開頭)用一長一短，且先長後短;在文章主體部分，要先用一個短句解釋主要意思，然後在闡述幾個要點的時候採用先短後長的句羣形式，定會讓主體部分妙筆生輝!文章結尾一般用一長一短就可以了。

二、主題句原則

國有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否則會給人造成“羣龍無首”之感!相信各位讀過一些破爛文學，故意把主體隱藏在文章之內，結果造成我們稀裏糊塗!不知所云!所以奉勸各位一定要寫一個主題句，放在文章的開頭(保險型)或者結尾，讓讀者一目瞭然，必會平安無事!特別提示：隱藏主體句可是要冒險的!

To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared beforetheexam(主題句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.

三、一 二 三原則

第一部分、第一點、第二點、第三點、第二部分、第一點… 這樣的格式條理清楚，考官們也可以通過這些關鍵性的“標籤”來判定你的文章是否結構清楚，條理自然。方法很簡單，只要把下面任何一組的詞彙加入到你的幾個要點前就清楚了。

1)first, second, third, last(不推薦，原因：俗)

2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推薦，原因：俗)

3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推薦，原因：俗)

4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推薦，原因：俗)

5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(強烈推薦)

6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(強烈推薦)

7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(強烈推薦)

8)most important of all, moreover, finally

9)on the one hand, on the other hand(適用於兩點的情況)

10)for one thing, for another thing(適用於兩點的情況)

建議：不僅僅在寫作中注意，平時説話的時候也應該條理清楚!

四、短語優先原則

寫作時，尤其是在考試時，如果使用短語，有兩個好處：其一、用短語會使文章增加亮點，如果老師們看到你的文章太簡單，看不到一個自己不認識的短語，必然會看你低一等。相反，如果發現亮點—精彩的短語，那麼你的文章定會得高分了。其二、關鍵時刻思維短路，只有湊字數，怎麼辦?用短語是一個辦法!比如：I cannot bear it.可以用短語表達：I cannot put up with it. I want it.

可以用短語表達：I am looking forward to it.這樣字數明顯增加，表達也更準確。

五、多實少虛原則

原因很簡單，寫文章還是應該寫一些實際的東西，不要空話連篇。這就要求一定要多用實詞，少用虛詞。

這裏的虛詞就是指那些比較大的詞。比如我們説一個很好的時候，不應該之説 nice 這樣空洞的詞，應該使用一些諸如 generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted,hospital 之類的形象詞。再比如：

走出房間，general 的詞是：walk out of the room

但是小偷走出房間應該説：slip out of the room

小姐走出房間應該説：sail out of the room

小孩走出房間應該説：dance out of the room

老人走出房間應該説：stagger out of the room

所以多用實詞，少用虛詞，文章將會大放異彩!

六、多變句式原則

1、加法(串聯)

都希望寫下很長的句子，像個老外似的，可就是怕寫錯，怎麼辦，最保險的寫長句的方法就是這些，可以在任何句子之間加 and, 但最好是前後的句子又先後關係或者並列關係。比如説：

I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.如果是二者並列的，我們可以用一個超級句式：

Notonlythefurcoatissoft,butitisalsowarm.(notonly…butalso…)

其它的短語可以用：besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover

2、轉折(拐彎抹角)

批評某人缺點的時候，我們總習慣先拐彎抹角説説他的優點，然後轉入正題，再説缺點，這種方式雖然陰險了點，可畢竟還比較容易讓人接受。所以呢，我們説話的時候，只要在要點之前先來點廢話，注意二者之間用個轉折詞就夠了。

The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. Thecoatwasthin,but it was warm.

更多的短語：despite that, still 仍, however 然而, nevertheless 然而, in spite of 不管, despite不管, notwithstanding .雖然

3、因果(so, so, so)

講故事的時候我們總要追求先後順序，先什麼，後什麼，所以然後這個詞就變得很常見了。其實這個詞表示的是先後或因果關係。

The snow began to fall, so we went home.

更多短語：then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that

4、失衡句(頭重腳輕，或者頭輕腳重)

有些人腦袋大，身體小，或者有些人腦袋小，身體大，雖然我們不希望長成這個樣子，可如果真的是這樣了，也就必然會吸引別人的注意力。文章中如果出現這樣的句子，就更會讓考官看到你的句子與眾不同。其實就是主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句的變形。

舉例：This is what I can do. Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.

同樣主語、賓語、表語可以改成如下的複雜成分：When to go, Why he goes away…

5、附加(多此一舉)

如果有了老婆，總會遇到這樣的情況，當你再講某個人的時候，她會插一句説，我昨天見過他;或者説，就是某某某，如果把老婆的話插入到我們的話裏面，那就是定語從句和同位語從句或者是插入語。

The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.

Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.

其實很簡單，同位語--要解釋的東西刪除後不影響整個句子的構成;定語從句—借用之前的關鍵詞並且用其重新組成一個句子插入其中，但是 whom or that 關鍵詞必須要緊跟在先行詞之前。

6、排比(排山倒海句)

文學作品中最吸引人的地方莫過於此，如果非要讓你的文章更加精彩的話，那麼我希望你引用一個個的排比句，一個個得對偶句，一個個的不定式，一個個地詞，一個個的短語，如此表達將會使文章有排山倒海之勢!

Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.

Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas,solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.

We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (氣勢恢宏)

要想寫出如此氣勢恢宏的句子非用排比不可!

七、挑戰極限原則

既然是挑戰極限，必然是比較難的，但是並非不可攀。

原理：在學生的文章中，很少發現諸如獨立主格的句子，其實也很簡單，只要花上 5 分鐘的'時間看看就可以領會，它就是分詞的一種特殊形式，分詞要求主語一致，而獨立主格則不然。比如：

The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.

Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.

如果你可以寫出這樣的句子，不得高分才會奇怪。

一、道歉信

道歉信是由於自己的疏忽失誤而向對方表達歉意並出於誠意寫出具體彌補辦法。第一段首先亮出寫作目的並簡單闡述該物品的狀態：I am writing to make an apology to you for+句子(表明事件因由)。

第二段列出出錯的原因及具體補救辦法：To make up my fault, ...... I a token of my apology I sincerely apologize for my careless mistake as well as for any inconvenience thus caused to you.

第三段再一次表達歉意：Once again, I am sorry for my carelessness. Looking forward to your reply.

應用文中的這三類投訴信、建議信、道歉信，每一類都有其寫作的範式和具體的內容要求，並且語言要求簡單準確，所以這需要大家清楚每一類文章的一些常用語句，在平常積累背誦，在考場上信手拈來。

二、投訴信

投訴信是對於產品、服務等的不滿意，進而需要寫出自己的意見和要求。第一段需寫寫信的目的以及自己的一個概括的期望：常用套話比如I venture to write to complain about ……+定語從句;I would be grateful if you could do anything necessary to solve the problem facing me.

第二段闡述兩、三方面所面臨的產品或服務的問題及後果：there are several aspects underlying this complaint. For one thing, another, addition,......

第三段給出具體的期望，比如退款或更換新產品：It is my sincere hope that you could give me full refund or replace it with a new one. Your kind reply to this letter at your earliest convenience would be very much appreciated.

三、推薦信

推薦信可以推薦一個人、一個地方、一本書、一部電影。在信中表明推薦的內容、原因及進一步的溝通。

第一段概括説要推薦的內容：I am writing to you to recommend .I have sufficient reasons to introduce this to you and I dare say this is the best I have ever seen.

第二段敍述推薦的東西的價值，可以從表面和深層兩方面來寫：This movie/book/city的主題或城市坐落於哪裏。What is more, 情節吸引人、裏邊景色引人入勝。Finally, this movie will definitely change our attitude toward this world and the people around us. We will learn that......

第三段總結句：Therefore I don’t hesitate to recommend this to you. I am sure you will enjoy the。

四、辭職信

辭職信內容應包括簡單對所在公司及領導的感謝，並表明辭職原因並表達歉意，最後再致歉並送上簡單祝福。第一段首先致謝：I am grateful to be employed as 職位+時間。Thank you for your kind attention and I would appreciate the opportunity of having worked here.

第二段表明自己要辭職，列出原因，比如離家遠想換到更近的位置;工作不適合自己等等。現在給大家一個例子：However, I regret having to resign from my position. The reason for changing my working plan is that I have expected the job to be interesting and challenging, which turns out to be the opposite. As a young man full of enthusiasm, I therefore decide to quit this job for something else.可以根據自己的具體情況給出自己的理由，切不可千篇一律。

第三段簡單表明希望得到允許、歉意及祝福：I sincerely hope that you approve of my resignation. I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Wish you and your company great success in the future.

五、建議信

一般就某個社會問題或個人問題給出自己的意見或建議，比如環境要改善的諫言;研究生活應該如何進行，等等。分兩類建議信，一類寫給機構，語言要正式嚴謹;而如果寫給熟人，則語言可以隨意一些。第一段概括寫出寫信的大致內容：I am writing here to provide some advice to improve......You have asked me for my advice concerning/with regard to......

第二段詳述具體的建議，可分條闡述：To begin with,des,over,......

第三段總結段：I hope you will find these suggestions useful and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details. I am looking forward to your reply and wish you a good work.

六、求職信

求職信內容包含簡單告知求職人從何處獲悉空缺職位;自我介紹闡述職位所需的而自己符合的優點;盼對方早日恢復給以面試機會。第一段：I am looking for a position in 專業 department in which I may use my training in 專業 to solve 專業 problems. I am writing the letter in purpose of applying for your recently advertised position for a staff member.

第二段表明自己符合該職位。I am sure that I am qualified for it. First, enclosed with this letter is my resume, which further details my previous academic qualifications and working experience. Second, I am young, enthusiastic and sociable, and these personalities also make me a perfect candidate for it. Last, my hobbies include......

第三段盼能給以面試機會並表示感謝：I wish you would give me an opportunity to be interviewed. I can be reached by calling me or the address on the envelope. I would appreciate it very much if you could consider my application favorably at your earliest convenience and give me a reply.

因果句型

1、Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that。隨着社會的不斷髮展，出現了越來越多的問題，其中之一便是____________。

2、It is precisely because (原因)…that (導致結果)…

3、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的原因是...)

4、So + 形容詞 + be + 主詞 + that + 句子 (如此...以致於...)

比較型

1、(Just) as …, so… 正如…

2、A is to B what X is to Y. A對於B 就象X對於Y

3、Nothing is+ ~~~ er than to + V; Nothing is + more + 形容詞 + than to + V 沒有比……更……的了。

提出建議

1、By +V+ing, ~~ can ~~ (藉着...，..能夠..)

2、On no account can we + V ~~~ (我們絕對不能...)

3、The first nut for us to crack is… 我們首先要解決的是……

4、My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are

as follows. In the first place,…. Secondly,…. Finally,…

數據的變化

1、…to sink/drop/reduce to… 減少到…

2、…to experience a decrease/decline …有了減少

3、…add up to… 增加了

4、to experience an increase/incline …有了增長

5、…to go up and down …起伏不定

6、…to remain steady/level/unchanged …保持穩定，幾乎不變

7、…be in direct /inverse ratio to/with 與…成正比/反比

8、…account for…percent 佔百分之幾

9、A doubles/is half/triples B A是B的兩倍，一半，三倍

一些事物的看法

1、There is a good side and a bad side to everything, it goes without saying that.萬事萬物都有其兩面性，所以，勿庸置疑，____________

2、According to my personality and fondness, I would prefer ... rather than.根據我的個性以及興趣，我選擇_______而不會選擇__________

3、Personally, I side with the latter (former) opinion.就我個人而言，我支持後者(前者)___________

4、Just as the saying goes: "so many people, so many minds". It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person。俗話説，""不同的人對此有不同的看法是可以理解的。

5、……cannot emphasize the importance of……too much.再怎麼強調...的重要性也不為過

其他句型

1、The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, with the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention。人類進入了一個歷史的嶄新的階段，經濟全球化、都市化的速度不斷加快，隨之給我們帶來了很多問題。

2、The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, with the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention。人類進入了一個歷史的嶄新的階段，經濟全球化、都市化的速度不斷加快，隨之給我們帶來了很多問題。