2017初級翻譯資格考試口譯練習及答案

　　第一題：

中國人認為，太極是天地萬物之根源。太極分為陰陽二氣，陰陽二氣產生木、火、土、金、水這五行。五行代表或作用於人體器官，即火對心，木對肝，土對脾胃，金對肺，水對。腎。陰陽化合而生萬物，太極則代表了陰陽調和。長期以來，世界只知道中國有指南針、火藥、造紙和活字印刷四大發明。

We Chinese believe that taiji is the origin of all lives on Earth. Taiji comprises yin and yang, two types of vital energy. The five elements of wood, fire, earth, metal and water derive from yin and yang. These five elements correspond to, or affect, particular human organs. That is, the element of the fire corresponds to the heart, the wood to the liver, the earth to the spleen and the stomach, the metal to the lung and the water to the kidney. The combination of yin and yang gives birth to all lives on Earth. Taiji represents the harmonious state of balance between yin and yang. For a long time, the rest of the world was only aware of China's four major inventions: the compass, gunpowder, paper-making and movable-type printing.

幾乎很少有人知道中國已發現了經絡的存在。經絡是指人體內血氣運行通路的主幹與分支網絡，針刺穴位散佈其間。北京經絡研究中心通過現代科學方法，已經證實了經絡的存在。經絡的發現無疑 是為《易經》和《黃帝內經》的理論提供了強有力的佐證。

Very few know about China's discovery of jingluo that exists in a human body. Jingluo is a system of internal main and collateral channels, regarded as a network of energy passages, along which acupuncture points are distributed. The existence of jingluo has been proved by using modern scientific methods at the Beijing Jingluo Research Center. The discovery of the existence of jingluo provides a strong support for the theories advanced in The Book of Changes and Huang Di's Classic of Internal Medicine.

　　第二題：

魯菜通常較鹹，汁色普遍較淺。魯菜注重選料，精於刀工，善於炊技。作為我國北方菜系的代表，魯菜烹飪技術廣泛用於明清兩代的宮廷菜。川菜選料範圍大，調味及炊技變化多樣。據統計，川菜的品種在五千種以上。川菜最大的特點是口味重，以麻辣著稱。

Shandong cuisine is generally salty, with a prevalence of light-colored sauces. The dishes feature choice of materials, adept technique in slicing and perfect cooking skills. Shandong cuisine is representative of northern China's cooking and its technique has been widely absorbed by the imperial dishes of the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644 - 1911) dynasties. Sichuan cuisine features a wide range of materials, various seasonings and different cooking techniques. Statistics show that the number of Sichuan dishes has surpassed 5,000. With a rich variety of strong flavors, Sichuan food is famous for its numerous varieties of delicacies, dominated by peppery and chili flavors and best known for being spicy-hot.

最難歸類的粵菜強調輕炒淺煮，選料似乎不受限制。粵菜源於明清，在發展過程中不僅吸收借鑑了中國北方烹調和西餐烹調的精華，同時也保持了自己的傳統特色。揚州菜以江蘇省境內的揚州、南京、蘇州等地的`地方菜式為基礎之大成。揚州菜注重選料的原汁原味，在菜的裝飾上講究形態的藝術性和顏色的鮮豔性，揚州菜實際上糅合了南北菜系之精華。也有人以八個字來歸納這四大菜系的口味特點，即“南淡北鹹，東甜西辣”。

Cantonese cuisine, the hardest to categorize, emphasizes light cooking with seemingly limitless range of ingredients. Cantonese cuisine took shape in the Ming and Qing dynasties. In the process of its development, it has borrowed the culinary essence of northern China and of the Western-style food, while maintaining its traditional local flavor. Yangzhou cuisine bases itself largely on the three local cooking styles of Yangzhou, Nanjing and Suzhou, all within Jiangsu Province. While emphasizing the original flavors of well-chosen materials, it features carefully selected ingredients, also, the artistic shape and bright colors of the dishes and more ornamental value. Yangzhou cuisine is essentially a combination of the best elements of northern and southern cooking. According to some others, the characteristic flavors of China’s four major cuisines can be summed up in the following expression: “The light southern (Canton) cuisine, and the salty northern (Shangdong) cuisine; the sweet eastern (Yangzhou) cuisine, and the spicy western (Sichuan) cuisine.”

　　第三題：

我們應該尊重和維護世界文明的多樣性。各國文明的多樣性，是人類社會的基本特徵，也是推動世界文明進步的重要動力。當今世界擁有60億人口，200多個國家和地區，2500多個民族，5000多種語言。各個國家和地區，無論是歷史傳統、宗教信仰和文化背景，還是社會制度、價值觀念和發展程度，往往存在這樣那樣的差異，整個人類文明也因此而交相輝映、多姿多彩。

We should respect and maintain the diversity of the world's civilizations. The diverse civilizations are a hallmark of human society and an important driving force behind human progress. Our world today has over 6 billion inhabitants living in more than 200 countries and regions. They break down into over 2,500 ethnic groups and speak more than 5,000 different languages. Be it historical tradition, faith and culture, or social system, values and level of development, those countries or regions are often different from one another. It is these differences that make our planet dazzling, colorful and bustling with life.

這種文明的多樣性是在歷史長河中形成的，並將長期存在下去。中國古代思想家孔子曾説過，“萬物並育而不相害，道並行而不相悖”。我們應該充分尊重各國文明的多樣性，而不應人為歧視或貶低他國文明;應該鼓勵各種文明在對話交流中相互借鑑、取長補短，而不應相互隔絕和相互排斥;應該倡導各種文明在相互包容、求同存異中共同發展，而不應強求一律、強加於人。

Such diversity is a legacy of history and will stay with us into the future. The ancient Chinese thinker Confucius once said, "All living creatures grow together without harming one another; ways run parallel without interfering with one another." Instead of harboring bias against or deliberately belittling other civilizations, we should give full respect to the diversity of civilizations. Instead of shutting each other out in mutual exclusion, we should encourage dialog and exchange between civilizations so that they can learn from each other in mutual emulation. Instead of demanding uniformity and imposing one's will on others, we should promote common development of all civilizations in the course of mutual tolerance and seeking agreement while shelving differences.