中級英語筆譯必看實用翻譯技巧

來源:文萃谷 2.76W

關於提高大學英語能力的方法,今天小編給大家整理了一些簡單實用的的英語技巧,希望可以幫到大家。

中級英語筆譯必看實用翻譯技巧

漢語句子翻譯的多樣性

例:你的眼睛長哪兒去了?

1)Haven’t you got eyes?

2)Are you so blind?

3)Are you such a blind man?

4)You're really stone-blind !

5)How blind you are !

6)As blind as a bat !

7)What a blind man

8)A sightless guy !

9)Why are you so rash?

10)How can you be so reckless?

11)My goodness! Be careful!

12)Would you please be more careful?

這個例句實際上是漢語中很不禮貌的説法,指責對方沒看清楚,不夠小心。由於漢英兩種語言有着不同的文化背景,各人對這個原文有不同的理解和體會,這個句子可能被用於不同的上下文,因此,這個句子自然會有多樣性的譯法。上面第一至第八個譯文都是根據字面意思來進行翻譯的。這樣的翻譯可以保留原文的形象和原文中粗野的口氣,為了塑造説話人的人物形象,這個句子就必須直譯。上面第九至第十二個譯文是根據原文的含義來進行翻譯的,這4種譯文更符合地道的英語,在日常用語中,還是以這4種譯法為好。

又如“你有筆嗎?”可以譯為:

Have you got a pen?

Have you got pens?

Have you got any pens?

Have you got some pens?

Have you got the pen?

Have you got the pens?

準確的譯文只能視具體語境而定。

只要一發現有可能反對他的人,他就本能地要用他的魅力和風趣將這個人爭取過來。

(a)When he catches a glimpse of potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.

(b)As soon as he finds any possible opponent, he is, by instinct, to have as an inclination for winning him over with charm and humor.

(c)The sight of a potential antagonist arouses (evokes) his innate impulse for winning him over with charm and humor.

一想到要出國深造,他就激動不已。

(a)The idea that he would go abroad for further study made him greatly excited.

(b)He felt greatly excited at the thought of going abroad for further study.

近年來,中、泰兩國國民經濟發展迅速,為兩國的經濟、貿易合作提供了良好的基礎。

(a)In recent years the national economies of China and Thailand have quickly developed, providing a good foundation for economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.

(b)Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of the national economies in China and Thailand, which has prepared for good economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.

(c)China and Thailand,with the rapid development of their national economies in recent years, have laid a good foundation for their economic and trade cooperation.

(d)The rapid development of the national economies of China and Thailand in recent years has laid a sound foundation for economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.

總之,翻譯中的多樣性或多樣性譯法一方面可以使我們從多種譯文中選擇最佳的譯文,另一方面可使原文中反覆出現的詞句擁有多種譯法,從而使整個譯文既忠實於原文,又行文流暢,生動活潑。

另外,在翻譯時,我們必須清楚這樣一個事實:作為用一種語言傳遞另一種語言的思維內容的翻譯,其表達手段可以是“多變的.”,也就是説,一種思維內容可以用多種譯語語言的形式表達。這就是同一種原文可以有多種表達形式的根據所在,譯者往往選取不同的角度、不同的信息焦點作為出發點來對原文同一信息進行雙語符號轉換。因此,譯界有“譯學無定規”之説。在句子翻譯中,若用不同的譯語表達形式傳遞同一原文信息,往往要使用不同的主語和謂語,若使用了不同的主語和謂語,整個句子的其它成分在安排上就會發生變化。例如:

(6)一想到要出國深造,他就激動不已。

When he thinks …., he

As soon as … he

(a)The idea that he would go abroad for further study made him greatly excited.

(b)He felt greatly excited at the thought of going abroad for further study.

When the students saw the plane, they were very happy.

The sight of the plane made the student s happy.

析:原文的同一信息在譯文中以兩種形式譯出,兩種譯文中的主語大不一樣,同時,主語的確定決定了謂語的選擇,主、謂語確定之後又影響和決定了其它句子成分的安排。譯文(a)是用“idea”作主語,按照一般的情況,idea之後常用同位語從句,故“要出國深造”這一部分譯作同位語從句並置於idea之後,主要謂語動詞用“make”。主謂語搭配得當;譯文(b)用he作主語,主要謂語動詞用“feel”。並與“excited’’構成系表結構,原文中的其它成分如“一想到要出國深造”在譯文中則用介詞短語“at the thought of going abroad for further study’’譯出,並置於表語“excited”之後。原文的主幹部分為“他就激動不已”,“一想到要出國深造”表示原因。譯文(a)符合英語中以物作主語的表達習慣;譯文(1))突出了主要信息,以at 引出的介詞短語表示原因。

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