提高國中英語閲讀能力的六種方法
國中英語教學的任務之一是培養學生的閲讀能力，但實際上閲讀教學的效果並不理想。下面是必須為大家蒐集整理出來的有關於提高國中英語閲讀能力的六種方法，希望可以幫助到大家！
1、講究閲讀方法
(1)依據主題句定短文的中心：任意一篇文章通常是圍繞一箇中心展開並且由段落組成的；段落之間有着內在的緊密聯繫，而表達段落主題的句子叫主題句，通常置於段落的開頭，有時在段落末尾和中間；其它的句子是用來説明和闡述主題句的；若把一個個主題句加以整理，你能悟出其中心思想，同時還可以迴避、排除個別生詞、難句（等困難信號）所帶來的干擾，但也有一些文章的中心思想常貫穿在全文中，因而要綜觀全文，對全文有一個透徹的理解才行。
如：My friend Matt and I arrived at the Activity Centre on Friday evening、The accommodation wasn’t wonderful, but we had everything we needed (beds, blankets, food ), and we were pleased to be out of the city and in the fresh air.
On Saturday morning we met the other ten members of our group、Cameron had come along with two friends, Kevin and Simon, while sisters Carole and Lynn had come with Amanda、There were some other members I didn’t know、We had come from different places and none of us knew the area.
We knew we were going to spend the weekend outdoors, but none of us was sure exactly how、Half of us spent the morning caving while the others went rock-climbing and then we changed at lunchtime、Matt and I went to the caves (巖洞) first、Climbing out was harder than going in, but after a good deal of pushing, we were out at last、Though we were covered with mud, we were pleased and excited by what we’d done.
This passage mainly talks about ______________.
A、the writer’s friends at the Activity Center
B、the writer’s experience at the Activity Center
C、outdoor sports at the Activity Center
D、how to go rock-climbing and caving
[參考答案B] 上述這段短文的中心是説明“the writer’s experience at the Activity Center.”。作者以及作者的朋友，還有組上的其他一些成員一起在活動中心度週末的一些活動以及感受。
(2) 掌握具體事實和重要細節：閲讀文章時，要求學生養成辨認和記憶具體事實、重要細節的習慣。因為具體事實、重要細節是主題句的擴展、補充、説明或例證，是用來支持和説明中心思想的，而且是閲讀理解測試的重要組成部分。
如：If someone asks me: “Do you like music?” I’m sure I will answer him or her: “Of course, I do.” because I think music is an important part of our lives.
Different people have different ideas about music、For me, I like rock music because it’s so exciting、And my favorite rock band, the “Foxy Ladies” (酷妹) is one of the most famous rock bands in the world、I also like pop music、My classmate LiLan loves dance music, because she enjoys dancing、My best friend, Jane, likes jazz music (爵士樂)、She thinks jazz is really cool.
“I like dance music and rock very much.” says my brother, “because they are amazing.”
But my mother thinks rock is boring、“I like some relaxing (輕鬆的) music,” she says、That’s why she likes country music, I think.
①The writer likes music because he thinks ____________.
A、it’s an exciting part of our lives?
B、it’s an amazing part of our lives
C、it’s an important part of our lives
②What kind of music does the writer like??
A、Rock and pop music、B、Rock and dance music.?C、Jazz and country music.
③Who likes dancing??
A、The writer.?B、Li Lan.?C、Jane.
④The writer’s mother thinks that country music is __________.
A、amazing?B、boring?C、relaxing
⑤ How many people’s ideas about music are talked about in this passage (短文)?
A、4、B、5、C、6.
這是幾道重要事實和細節的辨認題，全是圍繞短文的`主題句“Different people have different ideas about music”來展開説明的，起補充舉例作用。答案分別為 ① C ② A ③ B ④ C ⑤ B。
(3) 運用構詞法、語境線索等幫助來推測關鍵詞義：在閲讀文章的過程中，常常會遇到一些生詞，如果不懂得這些詞義就會妨礙理解，但大部分生詞的詞義是可以根據上下文，結合構詞法、藉助文章中的語境線索幫助在理解基礎上猜測其詞義，這有助於加快閲讀速度，提高閲讀理解能力。如：
Water is all around us、Water is in the ocean、Water is in the lakes and rivers、Water is in the air、There is more water than land on the earth、All living things must have it、We must have it, too、We cannot live without drinking water、Sometimes, we do not have all the water that we need、The land will dry up without water、Sometimes, there can be too much water in the land、If it rains very, very hard, the rain water will run down the hill、It takes some of the land with it when it runs down the hills、It is called erosion when the water takes the land away.
“Erosion” in the passage means ____________.
A、地震 B、雪崩 C、侵蝕 D、霜凍
根據前面的語句If it rains very, very hard, the rain water will run down the hills、It takes some of the land with it when it runs down the hills.解釋可以推知erosion是一種自然地理現象，即“侵蝕”，答案為C。
2、訓練閲讀速度
在閲讀中，我們或多或少會碰到一些生詞和不熟悉的短語，這些生詞和短語會妨礙我們對文章中心的理解，但我們總是查閲詞典也會影響閲讀的速度。為了不查詞典又能破解生詞詞義，並理解好文章的中心，要求考生根據構詞法判斷詞義。如：This material is unreadable.中 unreadable是生詞。學生可以根據詞根 read ，知道 un和 able分別為前綴和後綴，那麼 unreadable的意義就不難猜測了；還可以培養學生根據生詞與上下文的關係來猜測其意義。生詞所在的句子、段落會提供很多的暗示和線索，依據這些暗示和線索就可以理解生詞的詞義了。如：同義詞反義詞線索；解釋性線索；例證性線索；標點符號線索等。如：
A、The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
定語從句中的 looks after sheep 就解釋了 herdsman的詞義為“牧人”。
B、Like her younger sister who is gregarious, Alice also likes to make friends.句首的 like（像）這個語境線索説明：句中的gregarious與 likes to make friends意義相近。
通過這些方式可以幫助學生加快閲讀速度，進一步提高閲讀正確率。
3、改進閲讀方式
（1）預測：培養學生依據文章標題（副標題）、插圖以及相關的背景知識和社會生活經驗，對文章的大致內容預測以及可能涉及到的詞彙，然後閲讀文章的第一段，並對自己的預測進行驗證、糾正，同時抓住主題句、關鍵詞，從而更好地從整體上去理解和把握文章的中心。
（2）略讀：指導學生快速瀏覽全文，領會文章大意，辨析文體，掌握篇章結構，進而抓住文章的中心。
（3）查讀：指導學生在瀏覽全文的基礎上進行查讀，以回答個別事實細節性的問題。有些細節性的問題不能直接在短文中找到答案，必須進行必要的綜合、歸納、轉換才能獲得，也就是要在直接可獲得的事實和細節的基礎上經過綜合、歸納、轉換間接地獲得所需要的事實和細節。它通常涉及數據、時間、人稱、代詞的指代、動作的行為的關聯、動作行為者與承受者、地點和空間、表態方式、因果、條件、內涵與外延等。如：
One day Mrs Wison went shopping with Tracy and Ben、They went to the supermarket in the new shopping center.
“Why do you buy things here?” Tracy wanted to know、“Because they are cheaper here than at the corner store near our home,” Mrs、Wilson said、“Help me check the prices, please.”
The Wilsons were not rich and Mrs、Wilson was always careful with her money、She looked carefully at the prices of things、She bought lots of things in the supermarket、When they got home, the children said, “We don’t think you saved money by going to the supermarket.” “Of course I did,” Mrs、Wilson said “Everything was cheaper there.”
“We know,” the children said, “but we came home by taxi because we had too much to carry、The taxi fare was more than the money that you saved !”
Mrs Wilson added everything up、Her children were right.
“Well done,” she said、“Next time we’ll do the shopping nearby.”
①The things at the corner store were ____ than those in the supermarket.
A、cheaper?B、nicer?C、more expensive?D、Better?
② Mrs、Wilson _________ in the end.
A、spent more money?B、paid less money?
C、lost some money D、saved a little money
這兩個問題都是細節性問題，但又不能直接從文章中得出答案，要經過分析和計算間接地獲得事實細節。①選C。由 Mrs、Wilson 的話“Because they are cheaper here than at the corner store near our home、”分析可知the things at the corner store were more expensive.②選A。 Mrs、Wilson 在超級市場買的東西是便宜的，但返回時由於東西多結果打的士回家將打的士的費用攤進去就高於節省的費用了，因此可以知道：Mrs、Wilson spent more money in the end.
4、擴大英語閲讀量
目前國中英語教科書所提供的閲讀量較以前有較大幅度的增加，在題材、體裁的選取，功能與話題的設計方面均注意到多樣化和廣泛性；內容貼近學生實際，教師可以立足教材閲讀材料指導和訓練學生閲讀方法與技巧，教學語言知識和指導學生掌握句法、語法，擴大詞彙量，培養閲讀興趣，幫助學生奠定一定的英語閲讀能力。但教材中的閲讀量離大綱和課標要求的閲讀量遠遠不夠。課標五級閲讀要求規定：除教材外，課外閲讀量應 達到15萬字以上。因此教師要督促學生精讀泛讀結合，通過廣泛的閲讀不僅有利於學生擴大詞彙量，豐富語言知識、開闊視野，開拓思路，還有利於瞭解英美等國的文化背景、生活風俗、思維習慣及英語特有的語言表達方式，從而提高閲讀理解能力。
泛讀時，要求學生對閲讀材料中的各種語言現象不作全面精細認真的分析，而是根據已掌握的語言知識儘快地獲取所需要的信息。
5、強化閲讀訓練
(1) 指定閲讀範圍：教師按學生的英語水平將其分成不同的組別，選擇與之相適應的英語讀物（配有一定量的問題），分別規定閲讀的範圍，要求他們課外自行安排時間，帶着問題快速閲讀，並規定一個較寬鬆的期限進行檢查。
(2) 進行閲讀指導：對學生閲讀過程中遇到的疑難，教師要及時答疑輔導，以幫助學生順利閲讀。但要注意從學法上多加以指導，幫助和引導他們自行分析和解決問題。
(3) 檢查閲讀效果：到了規定的閲讀期限教師可以通過口頭練習和筆試結合的方式分組檢查學生閲讀任務完成的情況。口頭練習以學生回答有關問題、講述閲讀文章的心得為主；筆試檢查要求學生完成正誤判斷題，選擇題，填空題等。
(4) 展示閲讀效果：利用英語課外活動，通過開展書評、辯論會、演講會等活動來展示不同組學生課外泛讀的成果。分A、B組評論讀物；討論讀物的人物特徵、主要情節等，讓學生在寬鬆的氛圍中各抒己見，互相交流，從而促進學生閲讀時積極思考，認真閲讀，同時加深對讀物的理解，培養表達能力。
6、加強評估指導
通過評估測試可以檢測學生閲讀理解實際能力與水平，可以摸清學生的強項與不足，從而為進一步培養學生閲讀能力提供依據。教師要充分發揮閲讀測試的指揮棒作用。閲讀測試文章選材要廣泛多樣，篇幅要恰當，難易要適中，從而確保閲讀測試的信度和效度；在題型設計上做到主觀性題型和客觀性題型兼顧，並針對學生平時閲讀中反映出來的重點、難點與疑點，避免題型過於單一以及偏題、怪題現象，更不能片面追求試題難度。客觀性測試題要能通過閲讀文章直接找到答案；主觀性測試題要能在閲讀短文後通過上下文，運用聯想、比較、歸納、分析判斷文章的隱含意義。測試後要認真進行分析和總結，做到發現問題及時解決，以便進一步提高。
