案例英語寫作思路解讀考研淺析命題
下面校考研英語輔導老師為廣大2015年考研淺析考研英語寫作的命題範圍、思路，並付諸例題進行詳細的解讀，教大家如何做好考研英語寫作。
命題範圍——題材現實性
透過對近幾年研究生入學考試作文命題題材的分析、歸類研究，我們可以得出一個明確的結論：寫作的題材具有顯著的現實性。它們基本貼近考生的學習、工作及課餘生活，或涉及當前社會的變化、發展及進步，從電視廣告到希望工程，從父母與子女的關係到擁有健康的重要性，從環保到文化，從世界煙民現狀到各行各業的—承諾—。總之，研究生入學考試寫作的'題材一般都不會出現偏題、怪題等現象，也不會讓考生寫一些他們不熟悉的社會現象或者與學生生活缺乏聯繫的科技題材。
命題思路
只要稍加留意就不難看出，寫作命題的模式從1997年起，發生了很大的變化。
2000年的考題要求考生仔細閲讀和分析所給的兩幅漫畫，實際上要找出兩幅漫畫的內在聯繫，題目還明確要求在作文中推斷作者的意圖，並且給出相應的措施。2001年的考題為圖畫加提綱式作文，要求考生結合圖畫和所給提綱以—愛心是一盞燈，在越黑暗的地方越明亮—為主題寫出自己對所給圖畫的理解並舉特例説明獻愛心的最佳途徑以及建議。
2005年考研大綱明確規定考生應掌握應用文這一體裁的寫作。
2007年的寫作B節圖畫作文涉及到心態方面的問題，沒有了文字，開放性繼續加強。這幅圖畫裏面，面對着同一個射門的問題，站在不同的角度，不同的守門員和進攻的隊員，考生可以以自信作為主題寫作，也可以從面對同一件事情，不同的角度、不同的位置能看到的東西不一樣，想法也是不一樣的這個角度來寫。由於該圖畫比較抽象，可供學生髮揮的空間較大。
2008年考研大作文的難度與2007年相比有所下降。作文畫面簡單易懂，增加了文字信息。在要求就圖畫進行描述，闡述含義之外，考生就主題進行評論，這給了考生很大的自由度，因此降低了難度。第一段描述圖畫，第二段解釋這個圖畫的意義，第三段發表自己的評論，這其實是歷年考研的考法。
2009年至2014年的寫作題仍一直延續這個思路。
作文類型——模式化
分析歸納研究生入學考試寫作部分，不難發現，作文類型趨於模式化，大致可分為四大類型。
(1)觀點論證型
目前，這類作文均先要求考生理解圖，然後提出自己的觀點。這類作文是研究生考試寫作中最常見的作文形式。如2007年關於面對同一個射門的問題及2008~2013年的看圖作文。
(2)問題解決型
這類作文要求考生就所給出的信息描述情形，分析原因，然後提出自己的看法、對策或結論。如1999年、2000年和2001年的作文題。
(3)現象解釋型
這類作文在研究生考試作文中較為常見。命題要求考生描述某一社會或客觀現象，並就其優缺點加以分析評論，然後得出考生個人的看法、態度或結論。如：2006年看圖作文題是關於—偶像崇拜—的。
(4)説明利弊型
這一類型的作文往往要求考生對兩件事物進行比較，説明其利弊，然後做出自己的判斷。這類考題雖然在四六級考試中較為常見，但在歷年考研中只出現過一次。
樣卷判分實例(2007)
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use —Li Ming— instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160~220 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
① describe the drawing briefly,
② explain its intended meaning, and then
③ support your view with an example/examples.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
範文
Part A
Dear Sir or Madam,
As a senior in this noted university, I have gained a great deal over the course of my studies; however, one regular source of dissatisfaction has been the disappointing services of our library.
First of all, the selection is much too narrow. There are a number of important books specific to certain majors that are not available in our library. This is very frustrating to students. I would suggest that those in charge of selecting publications should confer with every department to assess students? needs.
Secondly, students often have difficulty finding books. A new search system should be developed to allow students to search for books both by author and by title. New software would be necessary for this.
Last but not least, since a lot of publications cannot be taken out of the library, the university should consider extending its opening hours to at least 10 hours per day.
I sincerely hope that you will take time to consider my suggestions. Thank you very much for your attention to this letter.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
Part B
This cartoon depicts a picture of a football game with two players facing each other. One player is going to kick the ball while the goal keeper is standing in front of a goal, ready to protect it. But both parties are losing their confidence. The striker magnifies the goal?keeper in his mind so that chances of shooting in are slim. Likewise, the goal?keeper minimizes his own image as if he couldn?t defend the goal successfully.
Obviously, both of the players in the pictures don?t have enough confidence and if you have little confidence, how can you achieve your goal in life? The purpose of the picture is to emphasize the importance of self?confidence in our daily life. Confidence is very important in building a career. The belief of what one can achieve and succeed often spells the difference between success and failure. On account of the fast pace of life, competition goes increasingly fierce in all walks of life, imposing tremendous pressure on all individuals. The past few years have witnessed great increase in the difficulty of examinations and employment. Thus we must maintain powerful self?confidence and optimism in the face of challenges so as to survive and succeed.
Confidence can be shown in the performance of many people. Take Liuxiang as an example. It is because of his self?confidence that he never shrinks in front of other experienced players and works wonders again and again. On the contrary, some athletes do well in everyday training, but when facing other people they fail to present the best of themselves for the lack of self?confidence. As the saying goes, confidence is the first step to success! Only by building strong self?confidence can we move closer to our dreams.
