公共英語四級閲讀文章《科學理論》
科學這個時代的熱刺，在任何時候都是英語考試出題的內容，下面，就為大家帶來一篇相關的公共英語四級閲讀文章，歡迎閲讀。
Scientific Theories
In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.
A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientists' predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.
Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said,"Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house." Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses.
In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist's thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. Without hypothesis, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.
科學理論
在科學中，理論是對所觀察到的相關事件的合理解釋。理論通常包含一個虛構的模型，這個模型幫助科學家構想所觀察到的事件是如何發生的。分子運動理論便是我們能找到的一個很好的例子。在這個理論中，氣體被描繪成由許多不斷運動的小顆粒組成。
一個有用的理論，除了能夠解釋過去的觀測，還有助於預測那些未被觀測到的事件。一個理論公開後，科學家們設計實驗來檢驗這個理論。如果觀察證實了科學家的預言，這個理論則得到了驗證。如果觀察不能證實科學家的預言，科學家就必須進一步的研究。或許是實驗存在錯誤，或許是這個理論必須被修改或拋棄。
科學家除了收集信息和操作實驗外還需要想象能力和創/造性思維。事實本身並不是科學。正如數學家喬斯·亨利·波恩克爾所説："科學建立在事實之上，就像房子用磚砌成一樣。但事實的收集不能被稱作科學，就像一堆磚不能被叫作房子一樣。"多數科學家通過找出別的科學家在一個特定問題上的所知來開始研究。在收集了已知事實之後，科學家開始了研究中需要相當想像力的部分。他們爾後擬訂對這個問題的可行的解決方法。這些可行的解決方式被稱為假設。
在某種意義上，任何假設都是向未知的.跳躍。它使科學家的思維超越已知事實。科學家計劃實驗、計算、觀測以檢驗假定。若沒有假設，進一步的研究便缺乏目的和方向。當假設被證實了，就成為理論的一部分。
1.用“打包”方法對付亂序
把整組題全部一次性吃透，然後去原文從頭到尾定位。否則，考生如果按照順序逐題解答，時間會嚴重不足，最好是文章一遍看下來，能找到所有的信息。此外，考生應該注意定位原文的過程中，一定要腦、眼和手並用：眼是肯定要用的，不用腦會導致忽視同義轉換，不用手(筆)會使我們處於走馬觀花的狀態，然後會懷疑自己是不是漏掉了信息而反覆地看。
2.“吃透”題幹準確判斷關鍵詞(中心詞)至關重要
如果沒吃透題幹，就無法準確判斷關鍵詞或中心詞，就有可能對原文的重要信息沒感覺。一般來説，題幹關鍵詞或中心詞為實詞以及一些數字、專有名詞等。
3.在解題的先後順序上，採用先易後難的策略
採用由易到難的解題策略，可以提升考生的解題信心。對於那些答題線索較少的題幹細節信息，考生可留在最後再解答。在解答這類較難的題目時，考生可快速閲讀原文中仍未選過的段落的主題句(通常為第一句、第二句或最後一句)，然後根據段落大意與題幹中的細節信息進行匹配。
