虛擬語氣的形式與意義詳解

來源:文萃谷 1.93W

想要學好英語怎麼能不知道虛擬語氣的形式與意義呢?下面就讓小編為大家詳解一下吧。

虛擬語氣的形式與意義詳解

情態動詞(Modal Verbs)是説話人用來表示説話的語氣,包括敍述、命令、要求、願望及不可能的假設。如果是敍述,就是敍事語氣。命令或要求,就是祈使語氣;願望或不可能的假設,就是虛擬語氣。

這裏就來説虛擬語氣的形式及其意義。

 虛擬語氣可分三種如下:

 一、純虛擬

(形式和意義都屬虛擬。)

首先,可用條件副詞分句來表示一種不是真實性的假設,如:

(1) If l were you, l would not do such a thing.

這裏的過去時態“were”表示現在的事件、現在的願望。

接着,也可用名詞從句表示一種不能實現的願望如:

(2) I wish l could do something for you.

這裏的過去時態“could do”表示的'是現在的事件、現在的願望。

(3) I wish l had not made such a decision.

這裏的過去完成時態“had not made”表示過去的事件,現在的願望。

此外,還可用由“as if”引導的副詞從句表示不是真實的事,如:

(4) The tired worker walked as if he had been drunk.

最後,可用“but for”或“without”引導的簡單句表示不可能的事,如:

(5) But for the heavy rain(要不是這陣大雨),we would have done the work.

(6) Animals could hardly breathe without air.

注意,這種虛擬句裏的動詞時態,異乎尋常。

二、半虛擬

(虛擬的形式,可能的事件。)

半虛擬語氣可表示“客氣”及“事發可能性低”等意義,如:

(7) Would you please lock the door behind you?

(8) Could l use your telephone for a while?

這裏的過去式語氣動詞,表示“客氣”。

(9) lt might rain this afternoon.

(10) The eyewitness's evidence could be false.

這裏的過去式語氣動詞表示“可能性低”,也就是對所提的事“存有懷疑”或“不甚確定”。

 三、舊式虛擬

(這裏的名詞從句中的動詞保存原形,沒有第三人稱的“S”,接系動詞,“be”,也不起變化),如:

(11) We insist that the criminal be sent to prison.

(12) God bless you!

(13) Who suggested that Tom come early?

(11)和(13)里名詞從句的動詞形式是典型的美式英語;英式英語通常冠以情態動詞“should”。類似的例子有:

(14)The people demand that the govern-ment (should) put a stop to all forms of corruption.

(15) The education committee proposed that students (should) be encouraged to think creatively.

(16) It is important that we (should) keep fit.

(17) It is essential that work (should) come before pleasure.

(18) It is recommended that there (should) be equal pay for equal work.

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