考研英語有哪些重點的語法

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考研英語有哪些重點的語法

  考研英語語法小講:倒裝句

英語的基本語序是“主語+謂語”,這種語序稱為陳述句語序或自然語序(normal word order),如果把謂語的全部或一部分置於主語之前,就稱為倒裝語序(inverted word order),當謂語全部置於主語之前,稱為全部倒裝(full inversion);當謂語一部分(如助動詞或情態動詞)置於主語之前,稱為部分倒裝(partial inversion)。

一、全部倒裝

(一)there be句型

有時一些表示存在意義的不及物動詞也可用於該句型,如:stand, lie, exist, live, remain, appear, come, happen, occur, rise等。

例句: Generally, there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws. (選自2007年Use of English)

分析: 該句是複合句,其中a belief與that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states互為同位語關係,形容詞短語large enough to be...作定語修飾states。

譯文: 他們普遍認為新生的國家是擁有主權和完全獨立的國家,大到經濟上可運行良好,並由一套共同法律讓各個新的獨立國家聯合起來。

例句: There stands a monument to Lin Zexu at the center of the square, which attracts a great many of visitors all the year round.

分析: 該句是複合句,定語從句which attracts a great many of...修飾a monument。

譯文: 廣場中心矗立着林則徐紀念碑,每年吸引着成千上萬的遊客。

(二)here, there等詞置於句首

here, there, now, then, thus, hence置於句首而主語不是人稱代詞時,主謂倒裝;如果主語是人稱代詞或非人稱代詞,主謂不倒裝。

例句: It is so late, and now is the hour when we must say good?bye.

分析: 該句是並列句。

譯文: 太晚了,是該説再見的時候了。

例句: ——Where is the report of urban plan made by the committee?

——There it is.

分析: 上下句同為簡單句。

譯文: ——委員會所做的城市規劃放哪兒了?

——在這裏。

例句: Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses? convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors.

(選自2002年Text 1)

分析: 該句是複合句,which I heard at a nurses? convention和which works well共同修飾story。

譯文: 舉個例子,在一次護士大會上,我聽到了一個效果很理想的幽默故事,因為聽眾都對醫生持有相同的看法。

(三)表示方向、地點的狀語置於句首

up, down, away, here, in, out, off等置於句首時,需要全部倒裝。

例句: Following the roar out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.

分析: 該句是簡單句。

譯文: 一聲吼叫過後,一隻猛虎從叢林中躥了出來。

例句: In came a number of boys and girls talking and laughing.

分析: 該句是簡單句,talking and laughing在句中作伴隨狀語。

譯文: 一羣孩子邊説邊笑走了進來。

(四)作表語的形容詞或分詞置於句首

例句: Present at the press conference were director and general manager of the Shenzhen?based enterprise.

分析: 該句是簡單句。

譯文: 出席記者招待會的是總部設在深圳的企業董事長和總經理。

例句: Lying unconsciously under the tree was an old man aged 75.

分析: 該句是簡單句,aged 75修飾an old man,作後置定語。

譯文: 一位75歲高齡的老人躺在樹下,已經不省人事。

二、部分倒裝

(一)否定詞或具有(半)否定意義的詞或詞組置於句首作狀語

如:never, scarcely, hardly, rarely, seldom, little, no , , (before), not only, in no case (in no way, at no time, on no account, by no means,under no circumstances,in no respects)(決不,在任何情況下都不), no longer/no more (不再)。

例句: Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. (2005年第46題)

分析: 該句是複合句,and前是一複合句,定語從句by which...修飾the means,後一分句中never置於句首引起倒裝。

譯文: 電視是製造和表達這些情緒的方式之一,在加強不同民族和國家之間的聯繫方面,電視也許還從來沒有像在歐洲事務中那樣起過如此大的作用。

例句: Not only is there a wide range of prices for goods in America, there is also a wide range in the quality of goods offered for sale.

分析: 該句是並列句。

譯文: 美國商品不僅價格變化很大,而且供出售的商品質量也有很大不同。

例句: Under no circumstance should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of both the people and the state.

分析: 該句是複合句,定語從句that will and the state修飾anything, under no circumstance置於句首引起倒裝。

譯文: 在任何情況下,我們都不應只為了自己的利益而不惜損害祖國和人民的利益。 (二)only+副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句(句首狀語由only修飾)

例句: Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. (選自2004年Part B)

分析: 該句是複合句,that were very different from their own是修飾languages的定語從句。

譯文: 直到最近,語言學家才開始認真研究與他們自己所掌握的完全不同的語言。

例句: Only when you have been absorbed in the study can you reach an idea whether it is impossible or not to complete it on time.

分析: 該句是複合句,an idea與whether it is impossible or not to complete it on time是同位語關係,only置於狀語從句之前引起倒裝。

譯文: 只有當你全身心投入該研究中時,你才能得知能否按時完成。

例句: Only gradually was the by?product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.

(2009年第47題)

分析: 該句是由and連接的兩個並列簡單句,兩個分句都是以only開頭的倒裝句,在前一分句中,主幹部分是the by?product of the institution was noted, only gradually修飾noted;在後一分句中,主幹是this effect was considered..., 其中only more gradually修飾considered, as a directive factor作主語this effect的補足語,介詞短語in the conduct of the institution作directive factor的後置定語。

譯文: 人們只是逐漸地認識到制度這一副產品,而在運行這種制度的過程中,認識到這種效果具有指導性作用的時間則更加緩慢。

(三)條件從句中省略if

在虛擬語氣中,條件從句if省略時,倒裝到主語前的是助動詞should, had和系動詞were。

例句: Were the Times Co. to purchase another major media company, there is no doubt that it could dramatically transform a family?run enterprise that still gets 90% of its revenues from newspapers. (1999年第13題)

分析: 該句是複合句,were the Times Co. to purchase是一省略if的倒裝句,that it could rprise是doubt的同位語,而that still gets 90% of its revenues from newspapers是修飾enterprise的定語從句。

譯文: 如果時代公司要收購另一家主流媒體公司的話,那仍舊靠報紙獲得90%收入的家族式企業的模式肯定會遭到它大刀闊斧的改革。

例句: Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. (1998年第10題)

分析: 該句是複合句,had it not been...是一個省略if的倒裝從句,整個句子表示混合式虛擬語氣,主句表示與現在相反假設,從句表示與過去相反假設。

譯文: 要不是公眾及時投資,我們公司不會像現在這麼繁榮。

(四)其他部分倒裝情況

表示前面陳述的情況適合於後者,前面是肯定句,後面用so引導;前面是否定句,後面用neither或nor引導,省略倒裝句中的助動詞在時態和語態形式上與前面句子保持一致。

例句: Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday?s “baby boom” generation reached its child?bearing years.

(選自1998年Text 4)

分析: 該句是複合句,as引導一原因狀語從句,and so did...是省略了相同成分的'倒裝句。

譯文: 接連不斷的移民潮,還有當年“生育高峯”時期出生的孩子已經到了生育年齡,這些因素也起了作用。

例句: Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. (選自2005年Text 4)

分析: 該句是由nor引導的並列句。whether in speech or in writing的完整形式是whether they are in speech or in writing,表示讓步;介詞短語with skill and gift在句中作狀語修飾動詞command。

譯文: 美國人不再期望公眾人物在演講或寫作時可以嫻熟地運用技巧和文采來掌握英語,而人們本身也不這樣要求自己。

(五)結構

結構中,“so+狀語”位於句首表強調時,使用倒裝。

例句: So much does he worry about his parents that he can?t sleep well at night.

分析: 該句是複合句,that he can?t sleep well at night是一結果狀語從句,so much置於句首引起倒裝。

譯文: 他特別擔心父母,以至於晚上難以入睡。

例句: So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.

(2001年第6題)

分析: 該句是複合句,that leaders at summer computer camps...是一結果狀語從句,so involved with...置於句首引起倒裝。

譯文: 孩子們對電腦如此着迷,以至於電腦夏令營的組織者們不得不強迫他們停下來做一些體育運動和遊戲。(六)not until置於句首

not until置於句首時,連詞until引導的從句主謂不倒裝,但主句的主謂結構必須倒裝。

例句: Not until you return those books to the library immediately will you have to pay a fine.

分析: 該句是複合句。由於not until置於句首,主句will you have to pay a fine是一倒裝句。

譯文: 只有及時還書給圖書館,你才不會受罰。

例句: Not until an infant hedgehog open its eyes does it leave its nest to follow its mother about.

分析: 該句是複合句。

譯文: 小刺蝟一睜開眼就離開洞穴,步步不離地跟在媽媽周圍。

(七)下列幾類副詞或介詞短語作狀語置於句首表強調

頻度副詞:often, always, many a time, every day, now and then等;

方式副詞:gladly, sadly, well, with every justification,with good reason等;

表程度的副詞或介詞短語:especially, to such length(s), to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes。

例句: With every justification did he explain his fault in the exam held by school.

分析: 該句是簡單句,with every justification置於句首引起倒裝。

譯文: 他以種種藉口解釋他在學校舉行的考試中所犯的錯誤。

例句: To such a degree did he go on with his tedious speech that some of us began to yawn.

分析: 該句是複合句,that some of us began to yawn是一結果狀語從句。

譯文: 他如此滔滔不絕地進行那宂長的演講,以至於我們中間有些人都開始哈欠連天。

(八)as, though, no matter how, however引導的讓步狀語從句

as, though引導的倒裝句型為:名詞(前不加a或an)/形容詞/副詞+as+主語+謂語,該結構可用(al)though引導的讓步狀語從句來替換,譯為“雖然”或“儘管”。

例句: Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job.

分析: 該句是複合句,其中從句much as I have traveled是一倒裝句,短語“equal sb. in sth.”意為“在某方面與他人旗鼓相當”。

譯文: 雖然我常旅行,但我從未見過任何人於任何工作能像她那樣一絲不苟。

例句: Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary?particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true. (1998年第75題)

分析: 該句是複合句,odd though it sounds是一倒裝句,其中it指代cosmic inflation,介詞短語in elementary?particle physics修飾ideas,that it is true在句中作convinced的賓語,另一介詞短語for the better part of a decade作狀語表示時間。

譯文: 宇宙膨脹説雖然聽似奇特,但它還是基本粒子物理學中一些公認的理論在科學上看來可信的推論。許多天體物理學家十年來一直認為這一論説是正確的。

(九)be+主語+其他(若其他是單數名詞作賓語,則名詞前不接不定冠詞a/an)

這是一開放式條件狀語從句,屬於特殊倒裝結構,表示泛指。該結構可用結構來替換,同時單數名詞前的不定冠詞保持不變,可譯為“不管是……”。

例句: Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. (2001年第10題)

分析: 該句是複合句,be they...是一倒裝句,相當於whether they are...。

譯文: 我們所使用的教堂一詞,指的是所有的宗教機構,不管它們是基督教、伊斯蘭教、佛教或猶太教等。

例句: In an urban society in which highly structured, fast?paced and stressful work looms large in life, experiences of a different nature, be it television watching or bird watching, can lead to self?renewal and a more “balanced” way of life.

分析: 該句是複合句,主幹部分為experiences of a different nature can lead to self?renewal and a more ..., 定語從句in s large in life修飾society,短語loom large意為 “(赫然出現)壓在心頭,威脅着,籠罩着”。

譯文: 在城市社會中,結構嚴密、步調迅速、充滿壓力的工作籠罩着人們的生活,某種不同性質的經歷,不管是看電視還是觀鳥,都能帶來自我更新和一種“平衡的”生活方式。

  考研英語語法要點:否定句

一、用否定詞表示否定結構

常用的否定詞有not, no, never, none, nothing, nobody, nowhere, neither, nor, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, rarely, little, few等,否定詞置於句首時,句子要倒裝,但否定的名詞詞組或代詞作主語放在句首時,則不需要倒裝。

例句: Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West. (選自1998年Text 4)

分析: 該句是簡單句,nowhere置於句首引起倒裝。原句為:1980 Census statistics dramatize the American search for spacious living in nowhere more than the Far West.

譯文: 1980年人口普查的統計數字淋漓盡致地表明,沒有哪個地方比美國最西部更能凸顯美國人想找尋更廣闊的生存空間。

例句: Not everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless.

(選自2006年Use of English)

分析: 該句是複合句,who are homeless是修飾Americans的定語從句。

譯文: 人們對美國無家可歸者的人數並不能達成共識。

例句: Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snow?belt, census officials says.(選自1998年Text 4)

分析: 該句是簡單句。

譯文: 人口普查官員説,並不是所有的遷移都是因為人們想搬出寒帶地區。

二、一般否定(也稱全部否定)

在否定句中用表示全部否定的詞,如never, neither, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere是對事實的全部否定。

例句: Help will come from the UN, but the aid will be nowhere near what is needed.

(1997年第5題)

分析: 該句是並列複合句,but前是一簡單句。

譯文: 聯合國將提供幫助,但這一幫助距所需要的數額還相差很遠。

例句: Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today?s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation.

(選自2006年Text 1)

分析: 該句是複合句,分詞短語writing for...在句中作狀語表示時間,相當於when he writes for...。

譯文: 羅得裏格斯在寫給國家移民論壇的一篇文章中提到,今天的移民既不像以前那樣大規模的湧入,也不會拒絕融合。

三、部分否定

否定詞not與表示全部概念的詞如all, both, everybody, everything連用,不否定全句,而是否定句中某一部分,表示“不全是”、“不都是”、“並非”,也可與always, many, much, often連用。

例句: Yet not all of these races are intellectually inferior to the European races, and some may even have freshness and vitality that can renew the energies of more advanced race. (1998年第17題)

分析: 該句是複合句,that can renew...是一個修飾freshness and vitality的定語從句。

譯文: 但是,在智力方面這些種族並不一定低於歐洲種族,而且有一些使較先進的種族恢復能量的清新力量與活力。

例句: It is not always easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history.

分析: 該句是簡單句,it是形式主語,真正的主語是to talk about the role of...。

譯文: 談論大眾媒體在歐洲歷史上這個具有非凡意義的階段所發揮的作用並不總是一件易事。

例句: Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Adeline Alvarez describes. (選自2008年Text 1)

分析: 該句是複合句,其中Adeline Alvarez describes是一個修飾stresses的定語從句。

譯文: 並不是人人都經歷過阿爾瓦雷斯女士所描述的那種長期的高壓。

四、轉移否定

在主從複合句中,否定詞形式上否定主句謂語,其實否定從句謂語,在動詞believe, think, suppose, expect, assume, feel, guess, imagine等前加not是否定其所引導從句的謂語。

例句: I don?t think it advisable that he(should) be assigned to the job since he has no experience whatsoever.

分析: 該句是複合句,it是形式賓語,真正的賓語是that he(should) be assigned to the job。

譯文: 我認為派他做這項工作不明智,因為他沒有任何經驗

例句: I don?t suppose that anyone will object to my leaving for Beijing.

分析: 該句是複合句,that後是suppose的賓語從句。

譯文: 我認為沒人會反對我去北京。

五、持續否定

在同一個句子中重複使用同一否定詞,也可用不同否定詞來加強語氣,這種情況就是持續否定。

例句 : The problem is very difficult and obscure: health?care costs have not been, aren?t, and won?t continue to increase faster than government revenues.

分析: 該句是並列句。

譯文: 問題晦澀難懂,那就是在過去、現在和將來健康福利的支出都不會比政府税收增加得快。

六、省略否定

在上下文環境中,否定結構可用省略的形式。

例句: ——Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids.

——I hope not. (選自2007年Part C)

分析: 上一分句為簡單句,下一分句為省略相同成分的簡單句。

譯文: ——父母可以為他們的孩子做許多事情來保障他們在步入成年前有一個安全的環境。

——我並不希望如此。

七、轉換否定

英語中有些句子形式上是肯定而實際上表示否定含義,也有些句子形式上是否定而實際上表示肯定含義。

例句: Young scientists cannot realize too soon that existing scientific knowledge is not nearly so complete, certain and unalterable as many textbooks seem to imply.

分析: 該句為複合句,其中can?t be too後接形容詞意為“越……越好,再……也不過分”,本句中cannot realize too soon同為此結構,另外not nearly意為“遠不”。

譯文: 年輕科學家應儘快認識到現有的科學知識遠不像許多教科書中所描述的那樣全面,那樣肯定,那樣一成不變。

例句: Copernicus showed that—far from being the center of the universe, about which the Sun, the Moon, the planets, and the stars revolved in clockwise homage—the Earth is just one of many small worlds.

分析: 該句是複合句,主幹部分為Copernicus showed that the Earth is just one of many small worlds,形容詞短語far from being...是賓語從句的主語the Earth的補足語,説明主語情況;定語從句about which...修飾the center of the universe。

譯文: 哥白尼證明地球根本不是太陽、月亮及其他行星和星球按順時針方向繞其轉動的宇宙中心,它只不過是許多小小世界當中的一個而已。

八、重複否定

重複否定不同於雙重否定,它是在不同時間內,從句或主句中作同一否定。

例句: The expression in his eyes was not anger, nor surprise, nor disapproval, nor horror, nor any of the sentiments she had been prepared for.

分析: 該句是複合句,其中定語從句she had been prepared for修飾the sentiments。

譯文: 他的表情既不是憤怒,也不是驚訝,又不是不滿,更不是厭惡,不是她所預料的任何一種表情。

下列情況也是表示重複否定,意為“更不用説,更談不到,更提不上,休説,莫談,哪裏,何況”,後接名詞、動詞、介詞短語、不定式等。

(一)much less/still less/even less用於否定句

例句: Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over prolonged small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust and rapport.

分析: 該句包含while引導的並列句,其中much less置於句首引起倒裝。

譯文: 一般情況下,美國人不會在這種輕鬆的環境中通過長時間的閒聊來評價他們的來訪者,更不通過把來訪者帶到外面吃飯或去高爾夫球場來建立信任和融洽的關係。

(二)much more/still more/even more用於肯定句

例句: He could solve much more difficult questions, still more simple ones.

分析: 該句是簡單句。

譯文: 他連再難的問題都能解決,更別説這些簡單問題了。

例句: We are ready to give our lives for our motherland, much more to suffer some hardships.

分析: 該句是簡單句。

譯文: 為了祖國我們隨時貢獻我們的生命,更不必説吃點苦了。

(三)let alone適用於肯定句或否定句

例句: For the new country to survive, let alone for its people to enjoy prosperity, new economic policies will be required. (1997年第38題)

分析: 該句是簡單句,介詞短語for the new...在句中作狀語表目的。

譯文: 一個新興國家要生存,就必須制定新的經濟政策,更不用説如何使一個國家的人民享受繁榮了。

例句: Countless divorced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divorce, let alone gotten one. (2000年第10題)

分析: 該句為複合句,其中had they even thought of a divorce是省略if的倒裝句,整句是表示與過去事實相反假設的虛擬語氣。

譯文: 幾年前,政客們只要是有離婚的念頭,就會在競選中失敗,更不用説真的離婚了。

例句: While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized. (選自2009年Text 4)

分析: 該句是複合句,句子主幹是it is obvious that..., 其中it是形式主語,真正的主語是that從句,while引導一個讓步狀語從句, let alone dependents and servants作插入語,to be analyzed作literary compositions的後置定語。

譯文: 儘管很少數的手工藝者或農民(更不用説家屬和僕人)留下文學作品供我們分析研究,但是很明顯他們的觀點並不完全具有學術性。

九、雙重否定

雙重否定即否定之否定。如果一句話中有兩個否定詞,而且從意義上互相抵消,則構成雙重否定。

例句: There exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.(選自2005年Text 4)

分析: 該句是複合句,that cannot convey complex ideas是修飾language or dialect的定語從句。

譯文: 世界上沒有表達不了複雜思想的語言和方言。

例句: It was not for nothing that I discussed the matter with Mr. Liu for two hours.

分析: 該句為複合句。

譯文: 我與劉先生就此事討論了兩個小時,並不是毫無結果。

  考研英語語法重點:強調句

一、在謂語動詞前加助動詞do, did, does強調該謂語動詞,構成強調句

例句: The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel?s report “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions. ”(選自2005年Text 2)

分析: 引號內由兩個句子組成, but前一分句是一個簡單句,後一分句為兩個並列句,其中第一個分句中的does表強調,第二個並列句為一複合句,真正的主語為that our nation and the world base important policies on..., it為形式主語,定語從句that science can provide concerning the future...修飾judgment。

譯文: 國家科學院院長布魯斯·艾伯茨在會議報告的前言中補充和強調了這一點,即科學解答不了所有的問題,但科學的確能給我們提供將來可行的最好的指導,關鍵是我們國家和其他各國在做重要決策時應該以科學能夠提供給我們的、對於人類現在的行為對未來影響的最好的判斷作為依據。

二、強調句中謂語以外的其他成分時用強調句型(見詞類中it用法)

例句: Often it?s the delivery that causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a lighthearted remark. (選自2002年Text 1)

分析: 該句是複合句,主句it?s the delivery that causes the audience to smile是一個強調句,that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look和that you are making a light hearted remark分別作remember以及show的賓語, light?hearted是一個複合形容詞修飾remark。

譯文: 這是一種經常使聽眾發笑的講述方法,所以,講得慢一些,記住揚一揚眉,或一副不相信的表情可以有助於表現出你正在做一場輕鬆愉快的評論。

例句: It is the playgoers, the RSC(Royal Shakespeare Company) contends, who bring in much of the town?s revenue because they spend the night(some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.(選自2006年Text 2)

分析: 該句是複合句,the RSC contends是插入語,it is the playgoers who bring in much of the town?s revenue是一個強調句,because後是原因狀語從句。

譯文: 皇家莎士比亞公司堅持説,正是這些票友給鎮上帶來了豐厚的收入,因為他們要在此過夜(有些人會逗留四五天),自然也就將錢大把地花在酒店和餐館裏。

三、強調句型it was not ...

強調錶示時間的名詞或時間狀語時,常用強調句型it was not ..., 意為“直到……才……”。

例句: As was discussed before, it was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre?electronic medium, following in the wake of the book and in the company of the periodical. (選自2002年Use of English)

分析: 該句是複合句,as指代it was not until the 19th century that...整個內容,分詞短語following in...在句中作the newspaper的補足語。

譯文: 正如前面所討論的,直到19世紀繼書本、小冊子的使用之後,與期刊一起,報紙成為前電子時代最重要的媒介。

例句: It was not until in 1971 that he was allowed to go back to his country.

分析: 該句是複合句。

譯文: 直到1971年他才被允許返回自己的祖國。

四、用so表示強調

用so強調聽者同意説者所説的話,這種強調是將so提到句前,其他成分位置不變,常省略相同的部分。

例句: Witness payments became an issue after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. (選自2001年Cloze Test)

分析: 本句是一個複合句。

譯文: 自1995年韋斯特被判處10次終身監禁之後,向證人付款成為一個人們關注的問題。

五、用wh?詞引導的名詞從句表示強調

例句: But what we forget—what our economy depends on us forgetting—is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain.(選自2006年Text 4)

分析: 該句是複合句,what we forget和what our economy depends on us forgetting在句中作主語。

譯文: 我們所忘記的——我們的經濟希望我們忘卻的是:幸福遠不止是沒有痛苦的快樂。

例句: There has to be coordination of programs. What we need is a package deal.

分析: 前句是一簡單句,後句是一複合句。

譯文: 應該有一個項目上的相互協調,我們需要的是一系列的解決方案。

六、用反身代詞表示強調

例句: The authors of the United States Constitution themselves attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving autonomy for the states and liberty for individuals.

分析: 該句是並列句。

譯文: 美國憲法的起草者們試圖在建立一個有效的國家政府的同時,保持各州的自制權和個人自由。


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