which非限制性定語從句
導語:非限定性定語從句起補充説明作用,缺少也不會影響全句的理解,它與主句往往用逗號隔開。下面小編講解which非限制性定語從句,歡迎參考。
■關係代詞which只用於指事或物,不用於指人,它在定語從句中主要用作主語或賓語。如:
She was not on the train which arrived just now. 她不在剛才到達的那列火車上。(關係代詞which指train,在從句中用作主語)
He never got back the money which he had lent him. 他從未收回他曾借給他的那筆錢。(關係代詞which指money,在從句中用作賓語)
■which用於引導限制性定語從句外,還可以引導非限制定語從句。如:
The ship struck an iceberg, which tore a huge hole in her side. 船碰在一座冰山上,船幫被撞出一個大洞。
She gave me this jumper, which she had knitted herself. 她送給我這件羊毛衫,這是她親手織的。
This machine, which I have looked after for twenty years, is still working perfectly. 這台機器我已經照管了20年,現在仍然沒一點兒毛病。
■which有時也可用作定語,尤其用於“介詞+which+名詞”這類結構中,此時的which含有this或that的意味。如:
He may be busy, in which case I’ll call later. 他可能忙,如若如此,我以後再來拜訪。
I may have to work late, in which case I’ll telephone. 我可能得晚點下班,那樣我會打電話的。
He lost his temper, at which point I decided to go home. 他發脾氣了,這時我就決定回家了。
He was appointed Lord Chancellor, in which post he spent the rest of his life. 他被任命為大法官,在這個職位上度過了他的`後半生。
The postman comes at 6.30 in the morning, at which time I am usually fast asleep. 郵遞員早晨6點30分來,這個時候我通常還睡着大覺呢。
It was derived from Posidonius, for which reason much of its information may well have been out of date. 它源於鮑森杜尼爾斯。由於這個原因,它的大部分信息很可能已經過時。
有時其前也可以沒有介詞。如:
He is studying economics, which knoweledge is very important today. 他學經濟學,這種知識現今很重要。
He spoke in Greek, which language I could only follow with difficulty. 他説希臘語,我聽起來很吃力。
■ 關係代詞which有時可用於指人。原則上説,which用於指事物,不用於指人。但以下情況屬於例外:
1. 用於在指人的名詞之後,指不強調性別的嬰兒:
He was the last child which was born. 他是最後出生的孩子。(which指小孩)
2. 當不是指具體的某人,而是指人的屬性(如職業、身份、地位、職務、品質、特徵等)時,則也用關係代詞 which而不用 who。如:
They accused him of being a traitor, which he was. 他們指控他是叛徒,他真是叛徒。
She talked like a native, which she hardly was. 她説起話來像是個本地人,其實她不見得是。
■ 在非常正式的文體中,代詞that後可以接一個修飾它的定語從句,這個定語從句通常用which來引導。如:
They say the only real knowledge is that which can be measured. 據説唯一真實的知識是可以檢驗的知識。
在現代英語中,that which通常用what來代替。如:
We have that which (=what) we need. 我們需要的東西都有了。
That which (=What) many people say is not always true. 很多人説的話並不表示一定是真的。