定語從句that和which、who (whom)用法

來源:文萃谷 2.05W

定語從句,一個簡單句跟在一名詞或代詞後(先行詞)進行修飾限定,就叫做 定語從句。下面是小編為你帶來的 定語從句that和which、who (whom)用法,歡迎閲讀

定語從句that和which、who (whom)用法

that和which的用法區別:

在定語從句中,關係代詞which和 that都可指物,一般情況下,可以互換使用。但在下列情況下值得注意:

A. 只能用that而不能用which的情形

(1) 當先行詞為:all, little, few, much, none 及 some-, any-, no-, every- 與 thing 所組成的複合單詞時,只能用that。如:

There is nothing that will stop us making progress. 沒有事情會阻止我們進步。

(2) 當先行詞前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very等形容詞修飾時,只能用that。如:

This is the only problem that we can’t work out. 這是我們不能解決的唯一的一個問題。

(3) 當先行詞由形容詞的最高級或序數詞修飾時,只能用that。如:

This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 這是我讀過的最有趣的書。

(4) 當先行詞同時包括人和物時,只能用that。如:

Luxun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great. 人們認為我們所熟識的魯迅及其作品都很偉大。

(5) 當先行詞在定語從句中作表語時,只能用that。如:

This is a book that I have been looking for since last week. 這就是那本自上週以來我一直在尋找的書。

(6) 當主句是以which開頭的特殊疑問句時,只能用that。如:

Which is the picture that you drew yesterday? 你昨天畫的那張畫是哪一張?

B. 只能用which而不能用that的情形

(1) 當非限制性定語從句中的先行詞指物時,只能用which。如:

The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing. 那個鉛筆盒,我上週買的,現在不見了。

(2) 關係代詞前面有介詞時,只能用which。如:

The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down. 我們過去常在下面休息的那棵樹已砍掉了。

(3) 先行詞為代詞that或that所修飾時,只能用which。如:

I don’t take that which is too expensive. 我不要太貴的那一個。

who (whom) 和that的用法區別詳解:

在定語從句中,關係代詞who (whom) 和that都可指人和物,在一般情況下,可以互換使用,但在下列情況下值得注意:

一、用who (whom) 而不用that的情形

(1) 在非限制性定語從句中的先行詞指人時,只能用who (whom)。如:

My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas. 我姐姐,她在國外學習,就在聖誕節前給我寄來了漂亮的禮物。

(2) 當定語從句對指人的先行詞進行隔位修飾時,只能用who (whom)。如:

Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你認識黑板前面正在給學生們講話的那位女孩子嗎?

(3) 當先行詞為people和those時,只能用who (whom)。如:

Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那兒的人請來這邊。

(4) 當先行詞為one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 時,只能用who (whom)。如:

Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反對我們的人就是我們的敵人。

(5) 先行詞指人,而關係代詞在從句中作主語時,一般多用who。如:

The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 昨天來這兒的那個人説過幾天他會再來。

(6) 在there be句型中名詞的定語從句多用who (whom)。如:

There are students in our class who / whom you have met. 我們班有些學生你見過。

(7) 當句子中有兩個指人的現行詞分別帶有兩個定語從句時,若一個定語從句的引導詞為that, 那麼,另一個定語從句的引導詞必定為who。如:

The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university. 剛才你會到的那個男孩是李明的'剛從大學畢業的弟弟。

二、用that 而不用who (whom)的情形

(1) 當先行詞前面有形容詞的最高級或序數詞修飾時,引導詞只能用that。如:

The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong. 在為我們隊踢足球的最高哪個運動員來自山東

(2) 當先行詞前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very形容詞修飾時,引導詞只能用that。如:

He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher. 他是唯一的一個對老師説“不”的學生

(3) 當主句是以who開頭的特殊疑問句時,引導詞只能用that。如:

Who is woman that you talked with just now? 剛才跟你談話的那位婦女是誰?

(4) the same as與the same that

the same as所引導定語從句的內容與先行詞同類而不同物;the same that表示所引導的從句內容與先行詞同類同物,即:同一事物。如:

She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着我幾天前所丟失的上衣。(暗含:她偷了我的上衣)

She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着跟我幾天前所丟失的上衣同樣的上衣。(暗含:她所穿的上衣不是我所丟失的那一件)

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