考研英語基礎階段的複習分析

來源:文萃谷 1.43W

考研英語語法包含了16大基礎時態,不同的時態對應謂語及動詞具有不同的展現形式,需要考生認真的理解和區分。小編為大家精心準備了考研英語基礎階段的複習總結,歡迎大家前來閲讀

考研英語基礎階段的複習分析

  考研英語基礎時態知識點:過去完成進行時

1.概念:表示某個正在進行的動作或狀態,持續到過去某個時刻,還未完成,一直持續到之後的當前才結束。

2.基本結構:主語+ had + been + doing +其它

3.例子:

She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考試之前一直患重感冒。

Had they been expecting the news for some time?他們期待這個消息有一段時間了吧?

4.特殊含義:

①尚未完成:He had been writing the novel.他已經在寫小説了。(他沒寫完)

②企圖:He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾經學習過這個諺語。(他曾努力學習過它)

③未得結果:We had been studying what our enemy had said.我們一直致力於敵人所説的。(但是我們沒有理解)

④最近情況:He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一場架。(最近)

⑤反覆動作:He had been asking me the same question.他一直問我相同的`問題。(屢次)

⑥情緒:What had he been doing?他做了什麼?(不耐煩)

  考研英語基礎時態的要點:過去完成時

1.概念:以過去某個時間為標準,在此以前發生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即“過去的過去”。

2.時間狀語:Before,by the end of last year (term,month…),etc.

3.基本結構:主語+had + p.p(過去分詞)+其它

4.否定形式:主語+had + not +p.p(過去分詞)+其它

5.一般疑問句:had放於句首。

6.例句:

As soon as we got to the station,the train had left

.當我們到車站的時候,火車已經開走了。

By the end of last month,we had reviewed four books

.到上個月底,我們已經複習了四本書。

基本結構:主語+had+p.p(過去分詞)+其它

①肯定句:主語+ had+p.p(過去分詞)+其它

②否定句:主語+ had+ not+p.p(過去分詞)+其它

③一般疑問句:Had+主語+p.p(過去分詞)+其它

④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句

  考研英語語法重點:平行結構

一、平行結構的基本原則

在許多英語句式中,平行結構是延長英文句子的重要因素之一。像簡單的並列連詞and, or, but等就有這種類型的含義,它們要求在結構和功能上保持一致。因此運用平行結構的基本原則就是以同類語法形式來表達同類概念,用來表達強調與其、節約用詞的修辭效果。真題上的例子有許多:For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. (2011-T1)該句就是由not only……but also連接兩個with短語,構成的平行結構。再來一句Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. 該句中也存在兩個that引導的賓語從句。如今,Entergy公司突然發出聲明:根據2006年的法規,2002年的協議無效,而且只有聯邦政府對核問題具有監管權。

二、構成並列結構的連接詞

最熟悉的莫過於and了,但是不僅僅只有and, 表示同等關係中的besides副詞連接詞也是常見。它們所連接的前後句在語法地位上平等一致。這樣的詞還有and, not only…but also, neither…nor, moreover, furthermore, in addition, what’s more.在2005年閲讀第四篇中就有這樣一個例子:Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves.這句中是由否定詞nor連接的並列句,並且第二個分句還是由nor引導,發生了倒裝結構。另外,由either…or…, otherwise, or else,等表示選擇的連接副詞連接的句子,表達的是一種選擇關係。

還有就是表示轉折的並列連詞,如but, yet, however, while, whereas,not…but等。真題例句:The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. 這裏就是一個由not…but連接的表示轉折關係的並列句。

最後一種熟悉的並列結構就是因果並列句。這種句子通常由so, therefore為代表。Often it’s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.該句中就是由so連接的兩個並列句。

另外需要注意一點就是很多副詞也有連接的含義,但是它們並不能連接句子,只能由分號或者and連接。例如:She felt very tired; therefore she went to bed early.

三、平行並列結構中的一致性問題

在平行結構中,為了使句子前後保持平衡,句中的並列成分應該在結構上保持一致性。The instrument has been welcomed by user because of its stability in serviceability, reliability in operation and simplicity in maintenance.這句中its stability in serviceability, reliability in operation and simplicity in maintenance這三者存在由and連接的並列關係,並且在結構上保持了一致。翻譯的時候也要注意其翻譯的一致性:該儀器性能穩定,操作可靠,維修方便,因而受到用户歡迎。

最後補充説明一定,並列結構在完形中出現的頻率很高,而且做題的技巧往往就集中在這些並列中。比如,如果在not only後挖空的話,答案往往就與but also之後的詞有關。


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